Batek of Malaysia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Batek of Malaysia - Research Paper Example Each of the groups has their own way of living, their own culture to follow, their own language and even unique modes of sustenance. But, as the urban development spreads its roots, the advancements in technologies and science have pushed the boundaries of these unique life styles and have merged most of the culture together, desperately done by the original people in order to sustain these tremors of modern life. Yet, the Bateks are still an exception to all these changing scenarios. They have gripped onto their culture and tradition and have sustained their living through their own traditional ways. The thesis, thus taken up here focuses on exploring the culture of Batek, identifying the unique characteristics of this tribal group of people and to divulge more about their way of living and sustenance. A background According to census taken in the year 1995, there are approximately 700 to 800 people of Batek, who are currently living. With the emergence of urbanization, the numbers may have been reduced more. During the years of 1970, the Bateks lived in the Malaysian states called as Kelantan and Pahang. Their physical appearance is similar to those tribes of Africa and hence former European researchers came to a conclusion that they are remnants of those African tribes. Their tribe name came from the Austronesian speakers who settled in those regions. Their basic language for communication is the Mon-Khmer language. Primary mode of sustenance The Bateks have their connections with the Hoabinhians, from 8000 BC. The Hoabinhians are basically foragers and hence foraging as a means of existence became one of the primary mode of subsistence for the Bateks. As years progressed, horticulture came into picture during 2000 BC. Later, the Batek started to trade with outsiders and it remained as one of important business aspect of the Bateks during the period between 6th and 13th centuries. Slavery crept into the tribe when Malays started invading the Bateks. With the government intervening, the Bateks were freed from slavery in 1920 and came under the direct supervision of them in 1954. (Endicott 1978) With the population dwindling and with the urban growth expediting at a rapid pace, the Bateks settled in the valleys and at the groundside of hills because, higher the altitude, difficult it becomes to forage. Irrespective of the fact that the Bateks have explored several numbers of options to gather food, foraging remains to be their primary and best option. The reason for such a trend is due to two reasons. Firstly, the advantages of foraging allowed them to gain access to food wherever they went as there was no permanent place of living for the Bateks. The second reason, actually being the source of the first reason, is that, foraging allowed them to maintain their life as well as integrity even in the most precarious situations they had faced during the time of immigration of the Malay people - when they started restricting the boundaries of the Bateks. Slavery and intrusion endangered the lives of the Bateks and always kept them on the move, thus denying them of harboring any notions of existence except foraging. (Endicott 1978) Impact on Social and Political Organization Although life among the Bateks is a closely knit one, individual, nuclear families form the basic building blocks of the entire

Globalization is a Result of Neoliberal Polices Essay

Globalization is a Result of Neoliberal Polices - Essay Example This research is being carried out to evaluate and present the concepts of neo-liberalism and globalization with proper definitions. On the surface, globalization has been understood as a process of compression of time and space which has enables business enterprises to concentrate more on production and achieving localization benefit. But it should be noted that the definition of globalization is broader and aggregated in terms of socio-economic levels. Globalization is basically an economic change which has taken place in every part of the world with a wider reach to heterogeneous audiences. The spread of globalization is mainly a spread of capitalism which has been in active since late 19th century. The spectrum of globalization has been understood as a very helpful concern because it helped enterprises to save a great deal of time and capital in order to transport products and services. This also saved the cost to communicate with better and effective transference than before. Th e view of globalization has been taken and welcomed in the international business including all major business institutions. It was merely because the dream of reaching to the areas which were once considered as remote. There is no part of the world which has not been reached in terms of economic activity. The credit for this massive increase of business activates al around the world goes to the phenomenon of globalization. The aim of business enterprises is to make profit by making sure that the member of societies (consumers) is able to get all the comforts for sustaining a better lifestyle. This is due to the faster and diverse means of trading and financial transactions. Seemingly, the political control over the activities of business being undertaken cross-border is just another aspect that has declined now. In other words, it could be said that the control of political institution on business enterprises to go cross-border seems to be less influential than before (Baldwin 2012 ). It should also be noted that the quicker and diverse impact of globalization could not be possible on its own. There are some of the factors that have influenced globalization to take place all around the world. These factors are rationalism, capitalism, technological innovation and regulation. Taking these four elements into account, it becomes easy to understand as to why globalization has taken such a diverse reach in the business world. The technological innovation such as easy transport of products and services through air routes and sea routes was has become faster because of the easy and diverse communication networks. The financial institutions which were limited to the domestic business are now complying with international financial systems allowing better visibility of shares for foreign markets for investment purpose (Pambazuka News 2010). The phenomenon of globalization is somewhat similar to that of neo-liberalism. It is due to the nature of neo-liberalism which is d efendant of free trade and a liberal view of economy to promote equal and diverse platform of markets.